This is Mark Dennis, I am the CD for the Slope Challenge.
We have no problem with 3D printed fuselages. The rules allow for any construction material for the fuselage.
3D printing wasn't around with the rules were written about 28 years ago, but the ability to get a precision airfoil with 3D printing would be the reason it would not be allowed for wing construction. Laminating balsa or obechi over a foam core or balsa ribs or using strapping tape will never get you a precision airfoil. We don't care what spar system is used, so the wing can be as stiff as you want to make it within the weight limit for the whole plane. Would a 3D printed precision airfoil really make a difference? Probably not, the better pilots always seem to do better.
I don't see any reason why you couldn't use a 3D printed leading edge or control surfaces.
It's something I will talk to the Wings Over Wilson president about to see if we want to modify the rules to allow 3D printed wings. I don't think you will get as smooth of a surface with 3D printing as you get with iron-on covering. 3D printing is a fairly heavy process, so weight/strength may be an issue even with carbon rod reinforcement. If we get enough interest, we can make another contest class. 3d Printed planes with a specified airfoil, 60" span, specified area, specified, root and tip chords, min/max length, and min/max weight requirements.
Mark